Heiau, ‘Āina, Lani

Supplementary online materials

All-round horizon profiles

Notes

General

• The pictures show the entire horizon profile from each site as generated from Digital Terrain Model data by Andrew Smith using his program HORIZON (see p. 88 of the book).
• The observing position is specified to 10 m: in the case of large sites a more specific indication of the observing position is given.
• Nearby features too small to show up on the DTM may in fact obscure the more distant horizons shown in the digitally generated profiles. See the catalog in Chapters 6–8 of the book for details.
• Each profile is available in both JPG and PNG format. The PNG versions, typically about 5 MB, have better resolution but may take some time to download.
• Azimuths and altitudes are indicated using 1° grids, with thicker lines at 5° intervals. The azimuths are labelled; altitudes (unlabelled) run upwards from 0°. Lines of declination, labelled, are shown at 5° intervals.

Plain profiles

• These are provided at each site. The darker yellow lines indicate the rising and setting paths of the sun at the solstices (outer lines, December solstice; inner lines, June solstice). The lighter yellow lines indicate its rising and setting path at the equinoxes. The blue line indicates the rising and setting path of the Pleiades, in AD 1600 unless otherwise stated.

Example: plain all-round horizon profile at site WF-AUW-574

Profiles with survey data

• At sites where total station surveys were carried out, we also include copies of the profiles with survey points superimposed, to demonstrate how well the digitally generated data fit with the actual site data.
• Survey points may appear below a distant horizon if (as happened quite frequently in the direction of Haleakalā) weather conditions during the survey prevented more distant ridgelines being visible.

Example: all-round horizon profile at site ALE-1, with survey points

The profiles

Auwahi

• AUW-9: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.1 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.0 Mb).
• AUW-11: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (4.5 Mb).
• WF-AUW-100: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.3 Mb).
• WF-AUW-176A: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.3 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.1 Mb).
• WF-AUW-338: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.1 Mb).
• WF-AUW-343: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.3 Mb).
• WF-AUW-359: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.2 Mb).
• WF-AUW-391: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.1 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.0 Mb).
• WF-AUW-403: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.7 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.7 Mb).
• WF-AUW-493: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.1 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.0 Mb).
• WF-AUW-574: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.5 Mb).

Profile at WF-AUW-403

Luala‘ilua

• LUA-1 (Kohōluapapa): JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.2 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (6.2 Mb).
• LUA-3 (Kaluakakalioa): JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (4.8 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.7 Mb).
• LUA-4: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.6 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.4 Mb).
  • Note: Pleiades plotted for AD 1700.
• LUA-29: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.4 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.3 Mb).
  • Note: Pleiades plotted for AD 1650.
• LUA-36: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.6 Mb).
• LUA-39: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (4.7 Mb).

Alena

• ALE-1: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.0 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.0 Mb).
• ALE-4 (Wailapa): JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (4.7 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.6 Mb).
• ALE-121: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.7 Mb).
• ALE-140: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.2 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.2 Mb).
  • Note: Points described as “Limit of sea horizon visible” are defined by local features that do not show up on the DTM.
• ALE-211: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.8 Mb).

Profile at ALE-4

Kīpapa-Nakaohu

• KIP-1: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.3 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.2 Mb).
• KIP-75: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.6 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.5 Mb).
  • Note: The “Junction” at around 307° is with a local hill that does not show up on the DTM.
• KIP-77: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.4 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.3 Mb).
• KIP-188: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.3 Mb).
• KIP-273A and KIP-273B: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.8 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.7 Mb).
  • Note: The view eastward from KIP-273A is blocked by the lava escarpment betwen the two sites.
• KIP-275: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.7 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.5 Mb).
  • Note: Pleiades plotted for AD 1625.
• KIP-306: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.9 Mb).
• KIP-307: JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.8 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.7 Mb).
• KIP-330: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (4.6 Mb).
• KIP-366: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.1 Mb).
• KIP-405: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.2 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.1 Mb).
• KIP-414: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.8 Mb).
• KIP-567: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.7 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.5 Mb).
• KIP-1010: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.3 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.2 Mb).
  • Note: Observing position is between the center and NE corner of the E enclosure.
• KIP-1025: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.3 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.1 Mb).
• KIP-1146: JPG (0.4 Mb), PNG (2.2 Mb); with survey points, JPG (0.4 Mb), PNG (2.2 Mb).
• Note: The surveyed point at azimuth 258° is on a low rise about 50m away that is not revealed by the DTM.
• KIP-1151: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.8 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.7 Mb).
  • Note: The surveyed points between 70° and 100° represent the nearby lava hillock described on pp. 257–259 of the book and shown in figure 7.36. This is too small to show up on the DTM.
• KIP-1156: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.4 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.2 Mb).

Profile at KIP-307

Nakaaha

• NAK-27: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.2 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.0 Mb).
  • Note: A local feature, that does not show up on the DTM, accounts for the two survey points between 50° and 60°.
• NAK-29: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.1 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (6.0 Mb).
• NAK-30: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.1 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (5.9 Mb).
  • Note: The surveyed points plotted were measured from NAK-29, 20m upslope to the NNE.
• NAK-34: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (4.7 Mb).

Profile at MAH-231 with survey points

Mahamenui

• MAH-231: JPG (0.4 Mb), PNG (2.0 Mb); with survey points, JPG (0.4 Mb), PNG (2.0 Mb); with survey points and Haleakalā shown in white above c. 1200 m (4000 ft) so as to emphasize Pu‘u Pane in the foreground, JPG (0.4 Mb), PNG (2.1 Mb) .

Manawainui

• MAW-2: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.6 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.5 Mb).

Profile at MAW-2

Nu‘u

• NUU-79: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.8 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.6 Mb).
• NUU-81 (Ka‘ili‘ili): JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (7.0 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (6.9 Mb).
• NUU-100 (Halekou): JPG (0.4 Mb), PNG (2.2 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (5.8 Mb).
  • Note: Pleiades plotted for AD 1800, at which date their rising and setting paths are very close to those of the June solstice sun (see text).
• NUU-101: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (8.8 Mb).
• NUU-175: JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (9.5 Mb).

Profile at NUU-101

Kaupō (apart from Nu‘u)

• KAU-324 (Pōpōiwi): center, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (4.3 Mb); ESE corner, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (4.3 Mb); ESE corner with survey points, JPG (1.1 Mb), PNG (4.2 Mb).
• KAU-994 (Lo‘alo‘a): JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (7.1 Mb); with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (7.0 Mb).
• KAU-995 (Kou): WNW end, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (7.0 Mb); WNW end with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (6.9 Mb); 20m S of SSE corner, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (7.2 Mb); 20m S of SSE corner with survey points, JPG (1.2 Mb), PNG (7.1 Mb).

Profile at KAU-994 (Lo‘alo‘a)

Profiles not included

• Profiles have not been included for KIP-80, KIP-394, KIP-424, NUU-1, and NUU-172, because these sites are not considered to be heiau.
• Profiles have not been included for AUW-6, KIP-115, KIP-410, KIP-728, KIP-1306, KIP-1307, KIP-1317, KIP-1398, MAH-363, NUU-78, NUU-151 (Papakea), NUU-153, NUU-188, NUU-424, KAU-333, KAU-411, KAU-536, KAU-996, KAU-999, and KAU-1001, because these sites were not surveyed.
• Although total station surveys were undertaken at WF-AUW-100 and NUU-175, profiles with survey points are not included because no horizon points could be measured. At WF-AUW-100 this was because of the sudden onset of cloudy conditions; at NUU-175, the horizon was completely obscured by local vegetation.